What Is Jaundice?
Jaundice is a medical condition that causes the skin, eyes, and sometimes the inside of the mouth to appear yellow. This yellow discoloration happens when there is an increased level of bilirubin in the blood. Bilirubin is a yellow pigment produced when red blood cells naturally break down in the body. Normally, the liver processes bilirubin and helps remove it through bile. When the liver is unable to process bilirubin properly, or when there is a blockage in the bile ducts, bilirubin can build up and lead to jaundice.
Jaundice itself is not a disease. Instead, it is usually a sign of an underlying health problem affecting the liver, gallbladder, pancreas, or blood. It can occur in people of all ages, including newborn babies, children, and adults. The severity and cause of jaundice may vary from person to person.
Common Causes of Jaundice
Several health conditions may lead to jaundice. Liver-related problems such as hepatitis, fatty liver disease, liver infection, or liver damage are common causes. Gallstones or blockages in the bile ducts can also prevent bilirubin from leaving the body normally. In some cases, excessive breakdown of red blood cells may increase bilirubin levels and contribute to jaundice.
Newborn jaundice is also common during the first few days after birth because a baby’s liver may still be developing. In many cases, it improves gradually with proper monitoring and care.
Symptoms Associated With Jaundice
The most noticeable symptom of jaundice is yellowing of the skin and the white part of the eyes. Some individuals may also experience dark-colored urine, pale stools, tiredness, weakness, nausea, abdominal discomfort, itching, or loss of appetite. The symptoms can differ depending on the underlying cause.
Diagnosis and Medical Evaluation
Doctors may evaluate jaundice through physical examination, blood tests, liver function tests, ultrasound scans, or other imaging studies. Identifying the exact cause is important because treatment depends on the underlying condition. Early medical evaluation can help determine whether jaundice is related to liver function, bile flow, or blood-related issues.
Importance of Timely Care
Persistent yellow discoloration of the eyes or skin should not be ignored. Seeking timely medical attention can help identify the reason behind jaundice and support appropriate care. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle, balanced diet, and regular health checkups may also help support overall liver health.